Answer:
- Mitochondria and chloroplasts have a separate, simpler DNA from the nucleus DNA of a eukaryotic cell. These organelles' DNA resembles the DNA of prokaryotic cells.
- Mitochondria and chloroplasts self-replicate by a cell division process similar to binary fission, which is the way prokaryotes divide.
- The way mitochondria and chloroplasts synthesize proteins within the eukaryote cell is more similar to prokaryotes than to eukaryotes.
- There are living examples of prokaryotes, like cyanobacteria, that share similar features with both mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells.
Explanation:
According to the endosymbiotic theory, mitochondria and chloroplasts were prokaryotic organisms that lived freely. These structures were encompassed by eukaryotic cells, which resulted in a symbiotic relationship, in which both parties benefited from the association.
Mitochondria were probably aerobic prokaryote organisms, and chloroplasts were photosynthetic prokaryotes. These prokaryotic organisms provided energy to the cell that enclosed them, and the host cell provided protection against the external environment.
The points that reinforce this theory are:
- Mitochondria and chloroplasts have a separate, simpler DNA from the nucleus DNA of a eukaryotic cell. These organelles' DNA resembles the DNA of prokaryotic cells.
- Mitochondria and chloroplasts self-replicate by a cell division process similar to binary fission, which is the way prokaryotes divide.
- The way mitochondria and chloroplasts synthesize proteins within the eukaryote cell is more similar to prokaryotes than to eukaryotes.
- There are living examples of prokaryotes, like cyanobacteria, that share similar features with both mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells.